A gasket (or spacer) is a mechanical component placed between two mating surfaces to provide sealing, prevent leakage, absorb vibration, or control spacing. It is widely used in machinery, pipelines, automotive, electronics, and industrial equipment. 

Main Functions of Gaskets

Sealing – Prevent leakage of liquids or gases
Cushioning & Vibration Damping – Reduce shock and vibration
Spacing Adjustment – Maintain proper distance between parts
Surface Protection – Prevent wear or damage
Insulation / Thermal Isolation – Used in electrical or high-temperature environments

Classification of Gaskets

Non-metallic Gaskets
Rubber (NBR, EPDM, Silicone)
Graphite
PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Fiber gaskets

Metallic Gaskets
Copper gaskets
Aluminum gaskets
Stainless steel gaskets

Composite Gaskets
Metal + graphite
Spiral wound gaskets

Standards

ASME
ASME B16.20 – Metallic gaskets (spiral wound, ring joint)
ASME B16.21 – Non-metallic flat gaskets

DIN
DIN 2690 / 2691 – Industrial gaskets
DIN EN 1514 – Flange gaskets

JIS
JIS B2404 – O-rings
JIS B2220 – Flanges and gaskets

Materials

Material	Grade	Features	Application
Carbon Steel	ASTM A105	Strong, economical	General industrial
Stainless Steel	SS304 / SS316 / SS316L	Corrosion resistant	Chemical, marine
Copper	C1100	Excellent conductivity	Heat exchangers
Aluminum	1060 / 6061	Lightweight	Automotive

Sizes
Nominal Size (NPS): 1/2” to 60” (ASME standard)
DN (Diameter Nominal): DN15 to DN1500 (DIN / ISO standard)